This is also why the surface area matters. Adsorption occurs when compounds physically or chemically adhere to the carbon surface and a film of the adsorbate, or the chemical impurities, is created on the adsorbent (carbon surface). When water or liquid travels through the porous structure of the filter, impurities (such as small amounts of chemicals or metals) can be removed by a process called adsorption. About five teaspoons (10 grams) of granular activated carbon has a surface area that is approximately the area of a football field.
All these little micropores create a huge inner-surface area. What makes activated carbon special is that it is a very porous form of carbon-almost like a sponge-and has many tiny microscopic pores that soak up water. That means the material inside the filter is carbon or a special form of it, called activated carbon. Most of the filters that are used for home water treatment are carbon filters. To find out how water filters work it is probably best to have a look inside the filter. You will "clean" a colored sports drink or colored soda! But have you ever wondered what, exactly, these filters do and if the water is really cleaner in the end? Find out about the cleaning power of water filters in this activity-but with results you can see. You have probably heard commercials that claim these filters make your drinking water cleaner and safer. Do you filter your tap water before drinking? Maybe at home you have a water filter on your faucet, in the fridge or use special pitchers that have a filter in them.
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